VITE Document

Quota

TIP

Please note this is not a technical document, but mainly describes quota and quota-related topics. Technical details will be introduced in the yellow paper.

The Definitions of Terms:

  • Quota： In Vite system, CPU cycles, storage space and network bandwidth consumed in transactions are paid by quota, instead of transaction fees or gas
  • PoW： Proof of Work, representing a certain amount of computational work has been performed
  • Stake： Lock up an certain amount of VITE in account in exchange for quota
  • Staking address：The address of the account from which the staking transaction is initiated
  • Quota recipient address：The address of the account receiving quota

What is Quota

In Ethereum, in order to have a transaction executed timely, the sender usually has to offer an appealing transaction fee to miner. The higher gas price offered, the sooner transaction executed. In this typical bidding model, the supply of system processing capability and the demand of sending transactions are balanced by gas price automatically. This model works fine in Ethereum, however, from user's perspective it is hard to determine what is the best gas price to offer for a certain time. Either too low or too high price will cause a market failure. Moreover, since gas is associated with individual transactions, it is impossible to measure and allocate computational resources at account level. Vite does not charge transaction fees, but instead an amount of quota will be consumed when user sends transaction, including transfer, deploying smart contract, calling smart contract, issuing token, registering SBP, retrieving mining rewards, voting and staking. Vite has implemented a quota model to meet the supply and demand of resources.

Quota can be obtained in two methods:

  • Obtain a small amount of temporary quota by calculating PoW upon sending a transaction, or
  • Stake VITE

If you just simply need to send a transaction, calculating PoW is sufficient for you. If you need send many transactions in short time, which means you may need a large amount of quota consistently, you should stake VITE.

We recommend staking.

Quota Consumption Rules

Various quota consumptions of different transactions:

Transaction Type Quota Consumed In Unit Transaction Minimum Staking Amount（Vite）
Send a transfer without comment 21000 1 134
Receive a transfer 21000 1 134
Register SBP 62200 2.9619 400
Update SBP registration 62200 2.9619 400
Cancel SBP registration 83200 3.9619 534
Retrieve mining rewards 68200 3.2476 534
Vote 62000 2.9524 400
Cancel voting 62000 2.9524 400
Stake for quota 82000 3.9048 534
Cancel staking for quota 73000 3.4762 534
Stake for quota via delegation 82000 3.9048 534
Cancel staking for quota via delegation 73000 3.4762 534
Issue new token 104525 4.9774 667
Mint additional token 69325 3.3012 534
Burn token 48837 2.3256 400
Transfer token ownership 58981 2.8086 400
Change token type 63125 3.0060 534
  • Unit Transaction (UT): The minimum transaction unit measured by quota consumption, equivalent to an un-commented transfer transaction

Each character in transaction's comment consumes additional 68 quota.

For example, sending a transfer transaction with a comment of '0x0001' (two hexadecimal characters) will consume

quota, which translates to 1.0065 unit transaction.

Note

Due to implementation of VEP-8, additional 136 quota (2 characters prefix) will be charged if you send a transfer with comment from Vite wallet. No additional quota will be consumed if no comment is associated.

If ConfirmTimes is assigned when creating new smart contract, for each response transaction of the contract, an additional quota about ConfirmTimes * 200 will be charged. ConfirmTimes defines a waiting number that specifies in how many confirmations the contract will produce a response after the request transaction is snapshotted.

Quota Calculation

Quotas are calculated in the following formulas:

Here,

  • : Quota obtained by calculating PoW . Valid only for current transaction
  • : Quota obtained by staking. Will be restored every snapshot block and can accumulate for up to 75 snapshot blocks
  • : Quota cap of a single account. Related to overall system throughput and total account number
  • : PoW difficulty
  • : Quota calculation weight of PoW
  • : Staking amount
  • : Quota calculation weight of staking

In Vite Network,

  • = 1000000
  • = 6.259408129e-10
  • = 4.201037667e-24

UTPS: Unit transaction per second, referring to the number of unit transactions can be sent by the account in one second

UTPE: Unit transaction per epoch, referring to the number of unit transactions that can be sent by the account in 75 snapshot blocks (approximately an epoch).

The available quota of an account depends on basic UTPS and actual quota consumption during the last 74 snapshot blocks. For example, account A gets 1 UTPS by staking and hasn't sent or received any transaction during last 74 snapshot blocks, then the available quota of account A is 75 UT.

The actual available quota of an account upon sending transaction depends on basic UTPS, quota consumption during last 74 snapshot blocks and PoW . For example, account B gets 1 UTPS by staking and hasn't sent or received any transaction during last 74 snapshot blocks, while he also calculated a PoW nonce entitled to additional quota equivalent to 2 UT, then the actual available quota of account B is 77 UT in current snapshot block.

Note

For a single transaction, the maximum quota can be consumed is equivalent to 47.62 Unit Transactions.

For convenience in calculation, it is acceptable to calculate or and map result to corresponding quota according to following table:

or UTPS UTPE Approximately equivalent to how much VITE staked without calculating PoW Approximately equivalent to how difficult the PoW calculated without staking
0.0 0 0 0 0 0
280 1/75 1 134 894654
560 2/75 2 267 1789307
840 3/75 3 400 2683961
1120 4/75 4 534 3578615
1400 5/75 5 667 4473270
1680 6/75 6 800 5367925
1960 7/75 7 934 6262581
2240 8/75 8 1067 7157239
2520 9/75 9 1200 8051897
2800 10/75 10 1334 8946557
3080 11/75 11 1467 9841218
3360 12/75 12 1600 10735880
3640 13/75 13 1733 11630544
3920 14/75 14 1867 12525211
4200 15/75 15 2000 13419879
4480 16/75 16 2133 14314549
4760 17/75 17 2267 15209221
5040 18/75 18 2400 16103896
5320 19/75 19 2533 16998573
5600 20/75 20 2667 17893253
5880 21/75 21 2800 18787936
6160 22/75 22 2933 19682622
6440 23/75 23 3066 20577310
6720 24/75 24 3200 21472002
7000 25/75 25 3333 22366698
7280 26/75 26 3466 23261397
7560 27/75 27 3600 24156099
7840 28/75 28 3733 25050806
8120 29/75 29 3866 25945516
8400 30/75 30 4000 26840230
8680 31/75 31 4133 27734949
8960 32/75 32 4266 28629672
9240 33/75 33 4400 29524399
9520 34/75 34 4533 30419131
9800 35/75 35 4666 31313868
10080 36/75 36 4799 32208609
10360 37/75 37 4933 33103356
10640 38/75 38 5066 33998108
10920 39/75 39 5199 34892865
11200 40/75 40 5333 35787628
11480 41/75 41 5466 36682396
11760 42/75 42 5599 37577171
12040 43/75 43 5733 38471951
12320 44/75 44 5866 39366737
12600 45/75 45 5999 40261529
12880 46/75 46 6133 41156327
13160 47/75 47 6266 42051132
13440 48/75 48 6399 42945944
13720 49/75 49 6533 43840762
14000 50/75 50 6666 44735587
14280 51/75 51 6799 45630419
14560 52/75 52 6933 46525259
14840 53/75 53 7066 47420105
15120 54/75 54 7199 48314960
15400 55/75 55 7333 49209821
15680 56/75 56 7466 50104691
15960 57/75 57 7599 50999568
16240 58/75 58 7733 51894453
16520 59/75 59 7866 52789346
16800 60/75 60 7999 53684248
17080 61/75 61 8133 54579158
17360 62/75 62 8266 55474077
17640 63/75 63 8399 56369004
17920 64/75 64 8533 57263940
18200 65/75 65 8666 58158886
18480 66/75 66 8799 59053840
18760 67/75 67 8933 59948804
19040 68/75 68 9066 60843776
19320 69/75 69 9199 61738759
19600 70/75 70 9333 62633751
19880 71/75 71 9466 63528753
20160 72/75 72 9599 64423765
20440 73/75 73 9733 65318787
20720 74/75 74 9866 66213820
21000 1 75 10000 67108863
42000 2 150 20007 134276984
63000 3 225 30033 201563940
84000 4 300 40085 269029937
105000 5 375 50173 336736144
126000 6 450 60306 404745030
147000 7 525 70494 473120723
168000 8 600 80746 541929390
189000 9 675 91073 611239649
210000 10 750 101486 681123015
231000 11 825 111995 751654385
252000 12 900 122612 822912588
273000 13 975 133350 894980979
294000 14 1050 144222 967948128
315000 15 1125 155241 1041908585
336000 16 1200 166424 1116963762
357000 17 1275 177787 1193222938
378000 18 1350 189346 1270804432
399000 19 1425 201122 1349836954
420000 20 1500 213135 1430461202
441000 21 1575 225407 1512831730
462000 22 1650 237966 1597119184
483000 23 1725 250838 1683512956
504000 24 1800 264056 1772224394
525000 25 1875 277654 1863490703
546000 26 1950 291673 1957579704
567000 27 2025 306158 2054795738
588000 28 2100 321161 2155487012
609000 29 2175 336741 2260054878
630000 30 2250 352969 2368965656
651000 31 2325 369924 2482765926
672000 32 2400 387705 2602102550
693000 33 2475 406426 2727749333
714000 34 2550 426227 2860643134
735000 35 2625 447279 3001933774
756000 36 2700 469795 3153054584
777000 37 2775 494048 3315824778
798000 38 2850 520387 3492602612
819000 39 2925 549280 3686522911
840000 40 3000 581368 3901881752
861000 41 3075 617561 4144793358
882000 42 3150 659220 4424389078
903000 43 3225 708510 4755203412
924000 44 3300 769198 5162514130
945000 45 3375 848763 5696519539
966000 46 3450 965808 6482075769
987000 47 3525 1197189 8034995932

According to above table, if PoW is not taken into account, staking 10000 VITE will support 1 UTPS, or maximum 75 UTPE throughput, while staking 20007 VITE will get 2 UTPS, or maximum 150 UTPE throughput. Staking 134 VITE also qualifies for sending a transfer transaction without comment after idling for 75 snapshot blocks, which translates to 1 UTPE.

Two Methods to Obtain Quota

Staking

Quota can be obtained through staking. The specified recipient account will receive the corresponding quota after the staking transaction is processed successfully.

Parameters

  • Staking amount: The minimum staking amount is 134 VITE
  • Quota recipient address: The address of the account who receives quota. This is not limited to the staking account but can be any other account. In other words, you can stake for others.

The VITE staked will be temporarily deducted from user's balance and cannot be transferred during staking period. The staking account is able to retrieve staked tokens after 259,200 snapshot blocks (about 3 days) by sending a cancel-staking transaction. As a result, the recipient account will lose the quota correspondingly.

Calculating PoW

User can obtain one-time quota by calculating PoW upon sending transactions. According to above table, the required difficulty is 0x3FFFFFF for sending an uncommented transfer transaction through PoW .

In Pre-Mainnet, a PoW service has been set up by ViteLabs to serve the purpose of calculating PoW for Vite wallets in consideration of that some client hardware may not have sufficient computation power to perform the calculation on their own.

Calculation Steps

  1. Convert to in following formula:

  • : PoW difficulty in 256-bit number, filling zeros at head if less than 256 bits length
  • : PoW target in 256-bit number, usually having 1 at the first bit

For example, given = 0x3FFFFFF, then = 0xFFFFFFC000000000.

  1. Work out a valid based on the transaction data as the proof of work. In this process, a widely range of random numbers are constantly feed to until the following condition is met:

  • : Hash function
  • : User account address
  • : Hash of previous account block

Staking via Delegation

As a typical example of delegated staking, Account A delegates Account B to stake a certain amount of VITE to Account C, where the staker is A, the quota recipient is C, and B is the delegate. Similarly, when delegated staking is retrieved, Account B is authorized by Account A to retrieve the Vite tokens that was previously staked to Account C.

FAQ

  • Can I stake for multiple quota recipient addresses?

Yes. You need to send multiple staking transactions to different quota recipient addresses. In this case, each staking has its own expiration time.

  • Can I stake for the same recipient for multiple times?

Yes, the staking amount for the recipient will be accumulated, and the staking expiration will be reset to 3 days.

  • Can I retrieve my VITE, which was staked to a recipient address, in multiple times?

Yes. After a staking expires, the staked VITE can be retrieved in multiple times. This won't get the expiration time reset.

  • Is a staking retrievable if it has not expired yet?

No. You can only retrieve expired staking.

  • Will the quota obtained by staking be used up?

Yes it is possible in the current snapshot block. Quota obtained through staking is related to staking amount and actual quota consumption in last 74 snapshot blocks. If your quota shows 0 in the wallet, you cannot send or receive transaction right now. But no worries, your quota will be refilled in the next snapshot block. This is exactly the benefit staking for quota over PoW

  • Can a recipient accept quota staked from multiple staking addresses?

Yes. The quota obtained is calculated on the total staking amount applying to the recipient.

  • Does receiving transaction consume quota?

Yes, receiving transaction consumes 21,000 quota, or 1 UT.

  • How to receive the very first transaction in a new account if nobody stakes for me?

You can calculate PoW to get one-time quota for this case.

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